Mustansiriyah Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences

an Integrative Analysis of Facial and Bodily Expressions for Enhanced Emotion Recognition Using SVM and CNN in Python

2024-05-14T09:12:25+03:00

Abstract: Facial expression serves as a vital component of non-verbal communication, playing a significant role in human interactions and social dynamics. With advancements in computer vision and artificial intelligence, the automatic recognition of facial expressions has become an increasingly active research area with wide-ranging applications. This paper presents a novel approach to facial expression recognition by harnessing the analytical power of Support Vector Machines (SVM) for facial feature classification, combined with the robust feature-learning capabilities of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) for body posture and gesture recognition. The fusion of these methods aims to address and overcome limitations such as noise and other inaccuracies prevalent in existing emotion recognition techniques. Our approach utilizes the kernel trick within SVM to effectively process non-linear data, thereby enhancing the precision of facial expression categorization. Meanwhile, CNN's adeptness at extracting intricate patterns from body language complements facial analysis, resulting in a comprehensive emotion recognition system. The system is developed in Python, a language renowned for its extensive libraries and frameworks that facilitate machine learning and image-processing tasks.

A Sol-gel synthesis of IONPs for Photocatalytic activities

2024-05-19T16:13:31+03:00

Iron chloride (FeCl₂+FeCl₃) salt and Gardenia extract were combined using the sol-gel method to produce iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs). The biomolecules in Gardenia extract, according to the study, can convert iron salts to IONPs. The technique modifies the phases, shape, size and purity of iron oxide NPs from FeCl₂+FeCl₃ to ε-Fe₂O₃. Methylene blue removal from water requires ε-Fe₂O₃ NPs in water treatment (MB). For the identification of IONPs, techniques such as XRD, Photoluminescence spectroscopy, ultraviolet microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy were all used. Results from XRD indicated that the average crystal size of 78.85 nm for ε-Fe₂O₃NPs synthesised using the Sol-gel technique. The diffraction results showed tetragonal peaks, and the crystal quality was outstanding. A range of particle sizes (9.04 to 54.65 nm) and an average grain size of 23.67 nm were used in the sol-gel process. From 1.94 eV to 3.12 eV, a shift in the sol-gel method's energy gap was seen in UV-VIS studies. The near band edge emission of ε-Fe₂O₃ NPs with a sol-gel method was around 2.74 eV, according to PL spectroscopy. Photocatalytic activity was demonstrated in this work, with the breakdown of MB dye occurring when the NPs were exposed to a modest amount of light. At 75 minutes for 3 mg and 150 minutes for 5 mg, the degrading efficiency of ε-Fe₂O₃ NPs reached 90.3 percent and 94 percent, respectively, with significant photocatalytic efficacy, according to the results of this study.

A Supra e

2024-05-19T10:30:35+03:00

Supra open set

Initial Spot Size Influence of Hollow Gaussian Laser Beam on the Self-Focusing Phenomenon Inside Magnetized Plasma

2024-05-17T20:21:44+03:00

This article presents a theoretical study of the self-focusing process of a hollow Gaussian laser beam(HGLB) inside a plasma medium placed in a magnetic field perpendicular to the direction of the hollow Gaussian laser beam propagation. The self-focusing was studied using relativistic nonlinearity. Particular mathematical equations were derived that describe the nonlinear behavior of hollow Gaussian laser beam when they propagate inside the plasma, and they were solved. This behavior was simulated using the MATLAB program. This study dealt with the effect of Initial Spot Size of hollow Gaussian laser beam on the self-focusing process.

A Comparison Between Reliability Estimates Using Linear Formula and The Maximum Likelihood Methods for Exponentiated Inverse Rayleigh distribution

2024-05-11T18:35:50+03:00

The two parameters and the reliability function of the Exponentiated Inverse Rayleigh distribution (EIRD) were estimated in this paper by using four estimation methods which are: Maximum Likelihood (MLE),White (W), Modified White (MW) and Linear Regression (REG) methods. Using simulation to generate the required data on three experiments of the default value of the parameters , with different sample sizes (m=10,50,100) and repeated 1000 times. The results were compared by using mean square error criterion, the result appears as follows: Maximum Likelihood estimator is the best to estimating the exponentiated parameter with the reliability in most of the experiments that were used and the Linear Regression estimator is the best in most of the experiments that were used to estimating the scale parameter

Integro-Differential Equation Solving Using a Hybrid Method

2024-05-08T11:10:46+03:00

The integro-differential equations can be solved effectively using a hybrid technique is shown in this article. Finding approximate solutions to both linear and nonlinear problems using this novel method 1is based on combining the Gupta transform and the homotopy perturbation method (GHPM). To evaluate the effectiveness and potency of the suggested approach, problems are tested. Additionally, Maple software incorporates the outcomes of the hybrid technique.

Detection of virulence factors of bacterial isolates associated with Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) and Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL) patients

2024-06-06T17:20:50+03:00

Samples include (blood ,urine , pus ,skin and throat swab) were taken from 200 leukemia patients who attended to Hematology and transplantation center in medical city complex. The bacterial isolates were identified by phenotypic examination, biochemical tests, as well as VITEK-2 assay. gram positive isolates were most prevalent than gram negative, Staphylococcus epidermidis was the prevalent bacteria isolated from different source samples of leukemia patients followed by Staphylococcus aureus and klebsiella and E.coli among gram negative. The bacteria isolated in our study demonstrated significant resistance to commonly used antibiotics, with most classified as MDR and others as PDR. Interestingly, Synergistic effects were detected among certain antibiotics against bacteria isolated from various sources. Most isolates hadn't hemolytic activity and the rest showed beta hemolysis expect Micrococcus luteus and Enterobacter cloacae showed alpha hemolysis. . Most isolates from numerous bacterial groups showed strong and moderate biofilm production.

Inverse Chen Bayesian analysis for Parallel Redundant Stress –Strength Reliability

2024-06-06T17:36:01+03:00

In this paper, a Bayesian analysis made to estimate the reliability of a parallel redundant system with independent stress and strength of Inverse Chen distribution(ICD). The analysis is focused on gamma-primed left-censored samples under four distinct loss functions. (squared error, Quadratic, weighted and Linear exponential loss function). A Monte Carlo simulation was conducted to compare the estimates using the mean square error to obtain the best estimate. It was found that the best estimators can be under squared error loss function.

Some results on co fuzzy metric space

2024-07-02T20:24:16+03:00

In this research, we presented the set G(X) which is the set for all fuzzy sets that are bounded functions, and we provided the definition of a cofuzzy metric, and we created some features the study of the two sets open and closed balls and also features fuzzy convergence and fuzzy closure set in the cofuzzy metric space.

The Effect of Di Ethyl Sulfate (DES) on Increasing Salt Tolerance for Callus of Vigna sp. Using Plant Tissue Culture Technique

2024-06-11T17:22:21+03:00

Embryos were excised from sterile mature seeds of Vigna sp. were cultivated upon MS medium that had vitamins as well as development promoters added. The outcomes demonstrated that the optimal 2,4-D concentration for callus formation was 2 mg/l. The callus was then subjected to various concentrations of a combination of salts consisting of NaCl, CaCl2, in addition to MgCl2 with a ratio of 2: 2: 1. (0, 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250) mM of salt mixture add to the culture medium. Various levels of di ethyl sulfate (DES) mutagenic solution at a concentration of (0.1) mM were used to soak the callus for a period of time (15, 30 or 45) minutes. Revealing callus to (DES) increased the weight, whether fresh and dry of callus compared to callus not treated with (DES). To produce genetic variations, callus was cultivated on MS media containing (0 - 250) mM after undergoing treatment for thirty minutes using (0.1) mM of (DES). The outcomes demonstrated that DES-exposed calluses had higher salt tolerance, which was appeared clearly by the increased fresh weight of callus, in contrast to untreated callus.

Study of the effect of DBD plasma performance by changing the electrode configuration

2024-06-15T05:13:22+03:00

This study used two custom dielectric barrier discharge plasma (DBDP) systems designs to produce non-thermal plasma and investigate its properties. The setup included two identical parallel copper electrodes with specific design dimensions (16cm length, 3mm diameter) and two similar glass tubes (13cm length, 5.5mm outer diameter, and 5mm inner diameter) as a dielectric barrier. In the first design, only one of the copper electrodes was covered with a glass tube, while in the second, each one was covered with a glass tube. The optical emission spectroscopy (OES) technique was employed to analyze the produced plasma spectrum and then calculate the plasma parameters (electron temperature, electron density, frequency of electron, Debye length, and Debye number) at different conditions of Ac applied voltage (18-22 kV) and discharge gap distance is fixed (4 mm) for both designs. For all operating conditions, electron temperature was 4.177- 4.273 eV, while electron density was 1.582×1018-1.942×1018 cm-3. The results reveal a novel and significant effect of electrode configurations on the properties of the produced plasma due to the distribution of the electric field in the discharge region, sparking new avenues for research in this field.

Development and Evaluation of an Innovative Three-Dimensional Hyperchaotic map

2024-06-10T19:30:11+03:00

we are designing the new system which is 3D hyper-chaotic and subsequently examined the most critical characteristics of this proposed system with a dynamic behavior by using Mathematica software that performs numerical simulations of these dynamic behaviors. The findings indicated that the suggested system has three-dimensional with generates hyper-chaotic attractors, as it has two positive exponents of Lyapunov in (LE1= 1.14247, LE2= 0.01498), which makes it hyper-chaotic, and that it is unstable and possesses the butterfly effect, as its wave form is non-periodic and therefore has non-periodic properties and is dissipative. It has a Kaplan-York dimension as (2.07643). Also the new system is sensitive to any, even very slight, change in initial conditions, is unpredictable, and is complex, and thus possesses the basic dynamical properties of chaotic systems.

The Rank Set Sampling Estimation Method under Progressive Censoring Sample for Exponential-Rayleigh Distribution

2024-07-05T21:02:31+03:00

The Exponential-Rayleigh (ERD) distribution has two scale parameters, these parameters were estimated under Progressive Censored samples and to create the suggested Rank Set Sampling Estimation technique, adding the Progressive Censored Sample for the Rank Set technique. (RSSEM). This study depends on the Newton-Raphson method to find the parameter values estimation. This work is based on actual data for COVID-19, From Al Karkh General Hospital, Iraqi Ministry of Health and Environment, The research was conducted ( in 2020 between 4 May 2020, and 31 August) equal to 120 days. The amount of patients that were admitted to the hospital is (n=785), (n-m=697) is patients who survived and (m=88) the patients who died. After finding the estimating parameter values of (ERD) for the Rank set sampling estimation method, calculate the probability density function, hazard function, and survival function.

Secure E-voting authentication system employing biometric technology, Crypto-Watermarking Approach and blockchain technology: A Review

2024-09-17T19:52:59+03:00

Moderately, advanced national election technologies have improved political systems. As electronic voting (e-voting) systems advance, security threats like impersonation, ballot tampering, and result manipulation increase. These challenges are addressed through a review covering biometric authentication, watermarking, and blockchain technologies, each of which plays a crucial role in improving the security of e-voting systems. More precisely, the biometric authentication is being examined due to its ability in identify the voters and reducing the risks of impersonation. The study also explores the blockchain technology to decentralize the elections, enhance the transparency and ensure the prevention of any unauthorized alteration or manipulation of the results. Additionally, the watermarking technology is examined for viewing the ability to store and transmit the voting result in secure manner though preserving the confidentiality ensure fair elections. this review aims to evaluate the combination of biometric authentication, watermarking, and blockchain technologies effectiveness to develop robust e-voting framework. as a result, the key finding indicates a hybrid approach that integrates those technology offers a solution to address the security challenges.

Leveraging hybrid database models for enhanced gene-disease association analysis

2024-10-04T22:47:32+03:00

Many diseases are driven by genetic variations. The Gene-Disease Association (GDA) dataset, structured as a network, evaluates the relationships between genes and diseases. Typically, the GDA dataset consists of semi-structured data, which does not conform to a tabular format. In this work, we propose a hybrid approach for processing, storing, and analyzing TBGA, a GDA dataset comprising over 200,000 JSON instances and 100,000 gene-disease pairs. We introduce two procedures to import the TBGA dataset into both a relational model and a graph model. SQL Server is employed for the relational model to support analytical and reporting tasks, while Neo4j is used for the graph model to enable visualization and the application of graph algorithms tailored for GDA analysis. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of each model, with SQL Server excelling in analytical tasks and Neo4j in visualization and graph analysis.

On Fuzzy Nano -Generalized Closed Set in Fuzzy Nano Symmetric Topology

2024-12-16T19:55:51+03:00

In this paper we introduced new types of fuzzy nanoopen sets, called fuzzy nanoopen sets, and studied some properties of fuzzy nanogeneralized closed sets in fuzzy nanosymmetric topology. Also, we studied some separation axioms, called FNζ-T0S, FNζ-T_(1/2)S, and FNζ-T1S, and we studied the relationship between them under the condition of fuzzy nanosymmetric topology and proofed the converse relations, which were studied for the first time, and obtained several important properties.